An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a third-party verified document that transparently reports the environmental impact of a product throughout its life cycle. It provides standardized information on parameters such as carbon footprint, energy consumption, water use, and emissions, helping manufacturers, architects, and sustainability professionals make informed decisions.
EPDs are particularly valuable in the construction sector, where they play a crucial role in green building certifications such as LEED, BREEAM, and Mostadam. They enable product comparisons based on environmental performance and contribute to circular economy goals.
How to Obtain an EPD?
Obtaining an EPD involves a structured process following internationally recognized standards. The key steps are:
1. Conduct a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
The first step in obtaining an EPD is performing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which evaluates a product’s environmental impact from raw material extraction to end-of-life. The LCA must be conducted according to:
- ISO 14040 & ISO 14044 – General LCA methodology
- EN 15804 – LCA methodology for construction products
The LCA identifies impacts such as global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication, and resource depletion.
2. Follow the Relevant Product Category Rules (PCRs)
Each product type follows a Product Category Rule (PCR), which defines how the LCA should be conducted for that specific category. PCRs ensure uniformity and comparability of EPDs within the same product group.
- PCRs are developed under ISO 14025 and EN 15804 (for construction products).
- They specify system boundaries, impact categories, and data requirements.
3. Prepare the EPD Document
Once the LCA is completed, the next step is compiling the EPD document, which includes:
- Product Description (name, function, manufacturer)
- LCA Results (carbon footprint, water use, energy consumption)
- Manufacturing Process Information
- End-of-Life Considerations (recycling, disposal, reuse)
4. Third-Party Verification and Registration
To ensure credibility and compliance, an EPD must be verified by an independent third party. The verification process confirms that the data, LCA methodology, and reporting comply with relevant standards.
After verification, the EPD is registered with EPD program operators, such as:
- The International EPD System
- UL Environment (USA)
- Global EPD (AENOR, Spain)
- BRE EPD (UK)
- ITB EPD (Poland)
Once registered, the EPD is published and made publicly accessible.
Standards Governing EPDs
EPDs are developed following internationally recognized ISO and EN standards, ensuring consistency and reliability. The key standards include:
1. ISO 14025 – Type III Environmental Declarations
Defines the principles and procedures for developing EPDs, including PCRs, third-party verification, and transparency requirements.
2. EN 15804 – EPDs for Construction Products
A European standard that specifies core rules for EPDs in the construction sector, ensuring comparability across different products.
3. ISO 21930 – Sustainability in Building Construction
Provides specific requirements for EPDs in the building and construction industry, complementing EN 15804.
Why Obtain an EPD?
- Regulatory Compliance: Many green building certifications (LEED, BREEAM, Mostadam, etc.) encourage or require EPDs.
- Market Differentiation: Demonstrates commitment to sustainability, helping manufacturers stand out.
- Transparency & Credibility: Provides scientifically verified environmental data.
- Supports Circular Economy: Helps track resource efficiency and carbon footprint reduction efforts.
Conclusion
Obtaining an EPD requires conducting an LCA, following PCR guidelines, preparing a detailed report, undergoing third-party verification, and registering with an EPD program operator. Governed by ISO 14025, EN 15804, and ISO 21930, EPDs play a crucial role in sustainable product development and green building certifications.
By obtaining an EPD, companies enhance transparency, improve environmental performance, and contribute to a more sustainable economy.